The impact of freezing

Transportation

The number of refrigerated and insulated vehicles in China has grown from about 3,500 in 1980 to about 30,000 in 2000. At present, there are more than 100 varieties of refrigerated and insulated automobiles in China. But compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap.

First, there are too many factories in China's refrigerated and thermal insulation automobile industry, investment is scattered, repeated construction, repeated introduction, and there are "scattered, chaotic, and poor" phenomena;

Second, the number of refrigerated and insulated automobiles in China is small. At present, there are only about 30,000 insulated automobiles in China, compared with more than 200,000 in the United States and 100,000 in Japan;

Third, the proportion of refrigerated and insulated vehicles in freight vehicles in China is only about 0.3%, 0.8% to 1% in the United States, 2.5% to 2.8% in the United Kingdom, and 2% to 3% in developed countries such as Germany. China's refrigerated transportation rate (that is, the proportion of perishable goods used for refrigerated transportation) is about 10% to 20%, and Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries all reach 80% to 90%. The ratio of refrigerated transportation in China (that is, the ratio of the transportation volume of perishable goods using refrigerated and insulated vehicles to the transportation volume of railway refrigerated transportation) is about 20%, and that of European countries is 60% to 80%;

Fourth, although the variety and technical level of refrigerated and insulated automobiles in my country have been greatly improved, such as K value (K value: a characteristic of microbial heat resistance, it changes with the type of microorganisms and the sterilization temperature. Under the same temperature , The smaller the k, the more heat-resistant the microorganism.) The index is close to the international advanced level, but compared with the developed countries, the varieties cannot meet the market demand. For example, Japan has more than 350 types in the 1970s, especially the carriage structure and carriage door. There are many forms, and there is a lot of choice. Some Chinese companies that have introduced technology and equipment have a product level close to the international advanced level, but there are still gaps in design capabilities, equipment manufacturing capabilities, and technical service capabilities.

Industry Standard Specification

As far as the current situation is concerned, under the conditions of a market economy, commercial systems, light industry systems, foreign trade systems, and aquaculture systems are all engaged in the production of frozen food. There is no uniform industry standard and norm to follow, and management is in a state of disorder, resulting in frozen food. The quality is uneven. In addition, most frozen food production enterprises across the country use the original cold storage, freezer, etc. to produce frozen food. There is no continuous rapid freezing equipment, and there is no uniform product quality standard and hygienic specification. As a result, slow freezing production floods the market and reduces the cost of frozen food. Quality damages the reputation of frozen food.

Equipment quality

Although domestic quick-freezer production has a certain foundation, compared with similar foreign products, there are problems such as bulky, heavy, poor low-temperature performance, and high energy consumption. The gap between the transmission parts produced by some quick-freezing machine parts manufacturers and similar foreign products is mainly due to rough appearance, poor accuracy, and unstable performance. For a stainless steel belt with a circumference of more than 10 meters, due to accumulated errors, in a low temperature environment, the metal steel belt is prone to chain jumps, squeeze, and breakage, which will cause the user to stop production and lose. The length of the spiral belt is generally more than 100 meters, and the quality of the domestic belt is unstable, and it is prone to squeeze and disconnect.

At present, frozen food companies are not large in scale, strong in strength, and low economic benefits. At present, there are about 1,000 frozen food production companies in the country. Enterprises, among these enterprises, a considerable number of frozen foods are actually just a branch or a workshop of a meat factory, a cannery, a cold drink factory and other factories. The scale of this enterprise is very poor.

At present, frozen food companies with import and export rights have good economies of scale. But it should be noted that the international market is unpredictable and competition is fierce. Foreign companies are particularly interested in the Chinese market. After China’s accession to the WTO, my country’s market will face all-round opening, from unilateral self-opening to a two-way opening between WTO members. There will no longer be existing government protection measures; domestic preferential policies and other factors. Foreign companies will challenge Chinese companies in an all-round way, and product standardization work and product quality supervision and inspection agencies can only fully integrate with international standards.